In a bold move to fuse digital innovation with traditional housing finance, the Trump administration is advancing policies that could allow Americans to use cryptocurrency holdings as collateral for mortgages. Issued in late June 2025, a directive from the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) orders government-backed mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to develop frameworks for incorporating crypto assets into single-family loan risk assessments—without requiring borrowers to liquidate their digital holdings into cash first. This initiative, championed as part of President Donald Trump’s vision to position the United States as the “crypto capital of the world,” could unlock billions in untapped wealth for homebuyers while sparking debate over financial stability.

Revolutionizing Mortgage Underwriting

The FHFA’s order, signed by Director William J. Pulte on June 25, 2025, marks a dramatic reversal from prior policies. Under the Biden administration, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac explicitly excluded cryptocurrency from income or asset considerations due to its “high level of uncertainty.” Now, these entities—which guarantee over half of U.S. mortgages—must propose adjustments to their underwriting processes, including volatility discounts and verification protocols for crypto held on regulated U.S. exchanges.

Pulte announced the directive on X, stating: “After significant studying, and in keeping with President Trump’s vision to make the United States the crypto capital of the world, today I ordered the Great Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to prepare their businesses to count cryptocurrency as an asset for a mortgage.” The proposals require board approval and FHFA sign-off, with an emphasis on risk mitigants like “adjustments for market volatility and ensuring sufficient risk-based adjustments to the share of reserves comprised of cryptocurrency.”

This shift means crypto-rich individuals—estimated at over 50 million Americans holding digital assets—could leverage Bitcoin, Ethereum, or other approved tokens to boost their loan eligibility, similar to how stocks or retirement accounts are evaluated today. Private lenders like Milo Credit have already pioneered crypto-secured mortgages since 2022, but federal backing could scale this nationwide, potentially increasing buying power without triggering capital gains taxes from sales.

Economic Boost or Risky Gamble?

Advocates hail the policy as a catalyst for economic growth, arguing it taps into the $2.5 trillion U.S. crypto market to fuel housing demand amid high interest rates and a sluggish real estate sector. “This could inject fresh liquidity into the housing market, lowering barriers for tech-savvy millennials and Gen Z buyers who view crypto as a core asset,” said Sen. Cynthia Lummis (R-Wyo.), who introduced bipartisan legislation to codify the FHFA directive into law. Industry leaders echo this sentiment, with Ripple CEO Brad Garlinghouse praising the administration’s pro-innovation stance under Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, a confirmed crypto advocate who has shaped related policies like staking guidance for exchange-traded products.

The broader context includes Trump’s January 2025 executive order establishing a Presidential Working Group on Digital Asset Markets, which has produced reports recommending crypto integration into mortgages and even 401(k)s. Bessent, in July remarks, framed these efforts as building a “Golden Age of Crypto,” rescinding prior “anti-crypto” measures and fostering a regulatory environment that aligns with Republican values of financial freedom. By November 2025, follow-up discussions suggest the policy could extend to a “strategic national digital assets stockpile,” further embedding crypto in federal finance.

Yet, critics warn of volatility’s perils. Democrats in the Senate, including those raising alarms during Lummis’s bill hearings, argue that baking crypto into the mortgage system could amplify systemic risks, reminiscent of the 2008 subprime crisis. “Lenders already struggle with crypto’s verification challenges; a market crash could leave borrowers underwater and taxpayers on the hook,” noted a Senate Banking Committee Democrat in response to the directive. Only 1% of recent homebuyers used crypto for down payments, per a National Association of Realtors survey, highlighting limited current demand but underscoring the experimental nature of the push.

Navigating Valuation, Regulation, and Inclusion

Implementation hinges on robust frameworks for crypto valuation—likely using real-time exchange data with conservative haircuts for price swings—and custody rules limiting acceptance to platform-held assets, excluding self-custodied wallets for security reasons. The FHFA’s directive mandates these details, but experts anticipate SEC oversight to ensure compliant assets like Bitcoin and Ethereum qualify first.

If enacted, the policy could enhance financial inclusion by enabling underserved crypto holders—disproportionately young and diverse demographics—to access homeownership without forced asset sales. It aligns with Trump’s privatization plans for Fannie and Freddie, potentially ending their 17-year conservatorship and injecting private capital into a crypto-friendly model. However, careful oversight is paramount: The Department of Labor’s neutral stance on crypto in 401(k)s offers a blueprint, but housing’s scale demands stress testing to avert broader contagion.

A Defining Moment for Crypto in Mainstream Finance

This FHFA directive exemplifies the Trump administration’s aggressive pivot toward crypto mainstreaming, from strategic Bitcoin reserves to ETP staking clarity. As Pulte’s order moves toward final proposals, it could redefine housing finance, stimulating economic activity while testing regulators’ mettle against innovation’s risks. For a nation grappling with affordability crises, crypto-backed mortgages promise inclusion but demand vigilance to safeguard the American Dream.

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